As the weather warms up and nature comes into bloom, spring can be a time of renewal and energy. However, for those with lung conditions, it also brings a new set of challenges.

From increased pollen to fluctuating temperatures and humidity, the season can trigger asthma, hay fever, and other respiratory issues.

“Hay fever is an allergic reaction to pollen and is a significant problem as it can exacerbate lung conditions,” says Karen Spillett, deputy head of health advice at charity Asthma + Lung UK.

“Almost half of people with asthma and a quarter of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) say pollen is a major trigger. At worst, it can even prompt a potentially fatal asthma attack or a COPD flare-up.”

So, how does pollen irritate our lungs and what can we do to prevent this from affecting us this spring?

How does pollen irritate our lungs?

“Pollen can irritate the airways, causing the lining to become swollen and inflamed with a build-up of sticky mucus, and this makes it harder to breathe,” says Spillett. “Signs that pollen is aggravating a lung condition include shortness of breath, chest tightness, wheezing or coughing.

“It’s important to bear in mind that the pollen season is longer than most people realise. Tree pollen begins to peak in April, with grass pollen levels at their highest in June and July, while weed pollen season lasts from April until mid-August.”

Additionally, springtime can also increase mould growth, as temperatures fluctuate between hot and cold.

“In time, this can impact our respiratory health through spores, irritating the lungs and worsening symptoms,” explains Dr Donald Grant, GP and senior clinical advisor at The Independent Pharmacy.

To combat this, here are 8 ways to protect your lungs this spring…

1. Use nasal spray

“People with lung conditions can take pre-emptive steps to protect themselves from pollen by using a nasal spray every day and starting to take antihistamines two to four weeks before symptoms normally start,” recommends Spillett.

2. Check pollen and air quality levels daily and avoid main roads

“During the spring, people with lung conditions should check air quality levels,” advises Spillett. “Outdoor air pollution contributes to 43,000 premature deaths a year, and its impacts can be felt more during warmer weather.

“This is because nitrogen dioxide, which is largely the result of industrial and road traffic emissions, reacts with hydrocarbons in sunlight, as well as pollen grains and air pollution particles, to create smog-like conditions, which can be especially dangerous for people with lung conditions.

“You can lower the risk by avoiding main roads, and by going out earlier in the day when air quality tends to be better.”

3. Avoid peak pollen hours

“It’s important for people with respiratory issues to avoid peak pollen hours, as this is when their symptoms are most likely to be exacerbated,” advises Grant. “Pollen counts are typically highest in the morning and evening, so venturing outdoors during the afternoon is advised.”

4. Keep windows closed

“Keeping windows closed can stop allergens from entering the home, while air conditioning can limit the exposure to potential irritants,” says Grant.

5. Remember to carry medication at all times

“In comparison to winter, air quality can be worse throughout the spring season – this is largely due to the presence of potential irritants such as pollen, mould and dust,” notes Grant.

“To protect themselves, people with respiratory issues should prepare ahead of time, ensuring they have any required medications, such as an inhaler or antihistamines.”

6. Remain hydrated

“Remaining hydrated throughout spring is crucial, as doing so can help clear nasal passages, thin mucus and help to regulate histamine,” says Grant.

7. Be careful about exercising 

Take necessary precautions before engaging in outdoor exercise.

“The afternoon is generally the best time to exercise outdoors, as this is when pollen counts tend to dip,” says Grant.”People who struggle with respiratory issues should also ensure they bring their inhalers for emergencies.”

8. Seek advice

“Should anyone encounter breathing issues throughout the spring season and beyond, it’s vital to seek urgent advice from a qualified medical professional, who can offer further support,” urges Grant.

For more information on looking after your lungs this spring, visit asthmaandlung.org.uk or call the charity’s helpline (9am-5pm weekdays) on 0300 2225800.